To put comment in Excel

A.Right click the Cell area, and select Insert Comment.
B.Type a comment for that cell

a green triangular color will appeat at the top of the cell

AutoFill

Fill in a series of numbers, dates, or other built-in series items
Using the fill handle (fill handle: The small black square in the lower-right corner of the selection. When you point to the fill handle, the pointer changes to a black cross.), you can quickly fill cells in a range with a series of numbers or dates, or with a built-in series for days, weekdays, months, or years.

Select the first cell in the range that you want to fill.
Type the starting value for the series.
Type a value in the next cell to establish a pattern.
For example, if you want the series 1, 2, 3, 4, 5..., type 1 and 2 in the first two cells. If you want the series 2, 4, 6, 8..., type 2 and 4. If you want the series 2, 2, 2, 2..., you can leave the second cell blank.

More examples of series that you can fill
When you fill a series, the selections are extended as shown in the following table. In this table, items that are separated by commas are contained in individual adjacent cells on the worksheet.

Initial selection Extended series
1, 2, 3 4, 5, 6,...
9:00 10:00, 11:00, 12:00,...
Mon Tue, Wed, Thu,...
Monday Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday,...
Jan Feb, Mar, Apr,...
Jan, Apr Jul, Oct, Jan,...
Jan-07, Apr-07 Jul-07, Oct-07, Jan-08,...
15-Jan, 15-Apr 15-Jul, 15-Oct,...
2007, 2008 2009, 2010, 2011,...
1-Jan, 1-Mar 1-May, 1-Jul, 1-Sep,...
Qtr3 (or Q3 or Quarter3) Qtr4, Qtr1, Qtr2,...
text1, textA text2, textA, text3, textA,...
1st Period 2nd Period, 3rd Period,...
Product 1 Product 2, Product 3,...

Select the cell or cells that contain the starting values.
Drag the fill handle across the range that you want to fill.
To fill in increasing order, drag down or to the right. To fill in decreasing order, drag up or to the left. See Microsoft Excel help

Remove Gridlines

To remove the gridlines:

In Microsoft Excel 2003:
a. Go to Tools menu,
b. Select Options
c. Select View Tab
d. In the Window Options section, clear the Gridlines check box.
Return to the destination document by clicking outside the boundaries of the Microsoft Excel object.

In Microsoft Excel 2007:

a. Go to View menu and uncheck Gridlines

protect selected cell in a worksheet and hide a formula in the formula bar

You may hide the formula in the Formula bar. This is how to do it.

In Microsoft Excel 2003:

a. Select all the worksheet by pressing CTRL+A.
b. Go to Format menu and select Cells or Right click the Worksheet area and select
Format Cells
c. Choose Protection TAB
d. Uncheck the "Locked" option and click the OK button.
e. Select a cell or cells to hide the formula.
f. Go to Tools menu, and select Protection sub menu,and Protect Sheet
g. Put a password to unprotect the sheet.(Remember your password)and click OK button.
You will see your formula is a cell is hidden.

in Microsoft Excel 2007

a. Select all the worksheet by pressing CTRL+A.
b. Right click the worksheet area and select Format cells
c. Choose Protection TAB
d. Uncheck the "Locked" option and click the OK button.
e. Select a cell or cells to hide the formula.
f. Go to review menu, and select Protect Sheet
g. Put a password to unprotect the sheet.(Remember your password)and click OK button.
You will see your formula is a cell is hidden.

Autosum Functions

1. =AVERAGE(number1, [number2],...)

Description
Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments. For example, if the range (range: Two or more cells on a sheet. The cells in a range can be adjacent or nonadjacent.) A1:A20 contains numbers, the formula =AVERAGE(A1:A20) returns the average of those numbers.

=AVERAGE(A2:A6) Average of the numbers in cells A2 through A6.

2. =MAX Returns the largest value in a set of values.

Syntax

MAX(number1,number2,...)

Number1, number2, ... are 1 to 255 numbers for which you want to find the maximum value.

Example: If the value A3 has the largest number from A1 through A5 then it displays the value of A3.
=max(A1:A5)

3. =MIN(number1,number2,...) it is the opposite of =MAX. It returns the smallest value in a set of values.

4. The COUNT function counts the number of cells that contain numbers, and counts numbers within the list of arguments. Use the COUNT function to get the number of entries in a number field that is in a range or array of numbers. For example, you can enter the following formula to count the numbers in the range A1:A20:

=COUNT(A1:A20)

In this example, if five of the cells in the range contain numbers, the result is 5.

Syntax
COUNT(value1, [value2],...)The COUNT function syntax has these arguments (argument: A value that provides information to an action, an event, a method, a property, a function, or a procedure.):

value1 Required. The first item, cell reference, or range within which you want to count numbers.
value2, ... Optional. Up to 255 additional items, cell references, or ranges within which you want to count numbers.


Example: If A2 has value of 1 and A5 is 5 and A6 is equal to letter C then

=COUNT(A2:A8) is equal to 2. With this example, it counts the number of cells that contain numbers in cells A2 through A8.

Common Microsoft Excel-Functions

These are some Excel functions commonly used:

* Today()
Just type "=today()" in a cell and it will display the current date.

* Hour(serial)
* IF
IF(logical_test, value_if_true, [value_if_false])
Example:
=IF(A2<75,"Failed","Passed")

*NOT
Syntax

NOT(logical)

Logical is a value or expression that can be evaluated to TRUE or FALSE.

Example:=
NOT(FALSE) Reverses FALSE (TRUE)
=NOT(3+1=4)


*=OR(logical1,logical2,...)
Returns TRUE if any argument is TRUE; returns FALSE if all arguments are FALSE.

Syntax

OR(logical1,logical2,...)Logical1,logical2,... are 1 to 255 conditions

Example:

OR(TRUE) One argument is TRUE (TRUE)
=OR(1+1=1,2+2=5) All arguments evaluate to FALSE (FALSE)
=OR(TRUE,FALSE,TRUE)

* T
Returns the text referred to by value.

Syntax

T(value)

Value is the value you want to test.

Remarks

If value is or refers to text, T returns value. If value does not refer to text, T returns "" (empty text).

Example:
=T(A2)
Whatever be the value of A2 it will be copied to where your active cell is positioned.

=TEXT(value, format text)


Description
The TEXT function converts a numeric value to text and lets you specify the display formatting by using special format strings. This function is useful in situations where you want to display numbers in a more readable format, or you want to combine numbers with text or symbols. For example, suppose cell A1 contains the number 41.5. To format the number as a dollar amount, you can use the following formula:

=TEXT(A1,"Php0.00")

In this example, Excel displays Php41.50.


* =VLOOKUP
The V in VLOOKUP stands for vertical. Use VLOOKUP instead of HLOOKUP when your comparison values are located in a column to the left of the data that you want to find.

Syntax
VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num, [range_lookup])

Example:=VLOOKUP(1,A2:C10,3,TRUE)- Using an approximate match, searches for the value 1 in column A, finds the largest value less than or equal to 1 in column A, which is 0.946, and then returns the value from column C in the same row.

PMT(rate,nper,pv,fv,type)
For a more complete description of the arguments in PMT, see the PV function.
Rate is the interest rate for the loan.
Nper is the total number of payments for the loan.
Pv is the present value, or the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now; also known as the principal.
Fv is the future value, or a cash balance you want to attain after the last payment is made. If fv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0 (zero), that is, the future value of a loan is 0.
Type is the number 0 (zero) or 1 and indicates when payments are due.

Example:
A2=12%, B2=10, C2=10000
Then the Formula is =PMT(A2/12, B2, B3)


Returns the interest rate per period of an annuity. RATE is calculated by iteration and can have zero or more solutions. If the successive results of RATE do not converge to within 0.0000001 after 20 iterations, RATE returns the #NUM! error value.

Syntax

RATE(nper,pmt,pv,fv,type,guess)

For a complete description of the arguments nper, pmt, pv, fv, and type, see PV.

Nper is the total number of payment periods in an annuity.

Pmt is the payment made each period and cannot change over the life of the annuity. Typically, pmt includes principal and interest but no other fees or taxes. If pmt is omitted, you must include the fv argument.

Pv is the present value— the total amount that a series of future payments is worth now.

Fv is the future value, or a cash balance you want to attain after the last payment is made. If fv is omitted, it is assumed to be 0 (the future value of a loan, for example, is 0).

Type is the number 0 or 1 and indicates when payments are due.

This example is from the Excel Help:


A2=4: Years of the loan
A3=-200: Monthly payment
A4=8000: Amount of the loan
Formula Description
=RATE(A2*12, A3, A4) Monthly rate of the loan with the above terms (1%)
=RATE(A2*12, A3, A4)*12 Annual rate of the loan with the above terms (0.09241767 or 9.24%)

Microsoft Excel-Functions (AND)

=AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)



Description
Returns TRUE if all its arguments evaluate to TRUE; returns FALSE if one or more arguments evaluate to FALSE.

Syntax
AND(logical1, [logical2], ...)
The AND function syntax has the following arguments:
logical1 Required. The first condition that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE.
logical2, ... Optional. Additional conditions that you want to test that can evaluate to either TRUE or FALSE, up to a maximum of 255 conditions.
Remarks
Example 1

5 DATA
6 50
7 104
Note: number 5 through 7 are rows and DATA, 50, 104 are values of column A.
=AND(1>A6, A6<100)

Show or hide the rulers

Show or hide the rulers

The horizontal and vertical rulers in Word are often used to align text, graphics, tables, and other elements in a document.

To view the horizontal ruler across the top of your Word document and the vertical ruler along the left edge of your document, you must be in Print Layout view (Print Layout view: A view of a document or other object as it will appear when you print it. For example, items such as headers, footnotes, columns, and text boxes appear in their actual positions.).

Show or hide the horizontal and vertical rulers
To show or hide the horizontal and vertical rulers, click View Ruler at the top of the vertical scroll bar.
Note The vertical ruler will not appear if it is turned off. To turn on the vertical ruler, do the following:

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Word Options.
2. Click Advanced.
3. Under Display, select the Show vertical ruler in Print Layout view check box.

Top margin is missing

When you open a document, is the insertion point at the top left corner of the page, as if there were no top margin?

If you're reading the document in Print Layout view and all of the pages appear to be cut off, with no top or bottom margin, the option for hiding white space between pages has been turned on.

If the top and bottom margins are not showing, you can restore them by pointing and clicking in the document, or by using the View tab.



When top and bottom margins are not showing, point to the top or bottom of a page until the pointer becomes a double-pointed arrow, and then double click.


When white space between pages is showing, the entire top and bottom margins are visible.

To use the View tab to show white space between pages, do the following:

1. On the View tab, in the Document Views group, click Print Layout.
2. Click the Microsoft Office Button , and then click Word Options.
3. Click Display.
4. Under Page display options, select the Show white space between pages in Print Layout view check box.

Page Layout

Select page orientation

You can choose either portrait (vertical) or landscape (horizontal) orientation for all or part of your document. When you change the orientation, the galleries of predesigned page and cover page options also change to offer pages that have the orientation that you choose.



--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Change the orientation of your entire document
Use portrait and landscape orientation in the same document

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Change the orientation of your entire document
1. On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Orientation.
2. Click Portrait or Landscape.

Use portrait and landscape orientation in the same document
Select the pages or paragraphs that you want to change to portrait or landscape orientation.
If you select some but not all of the text on a page to change to portrait or landscape orientation, Word places the selected text on its own page, and the surrounding text on separate pages.

1. On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.
2. Click Custom Margins.
3. On the Margins tab, click Portrait or Landscape.
4. In the Apply to list, click Selected text.

Note Microsoft Word automatically inserts section breaks before and after the text that has the new page orientation. If your document is already divided into sections, you can click in a section (or select multiple sections), and then change the orientation for only the sections that you select.

These steps are provided in Microsoft Word 2007 HELP

Change or set page margins

1. On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.
2. Click the margin type that you want. For the most common margin width, click Normal.
3. When you click the margin type that you want, your entire document automatically changes to the margin type that you have selected.

4. You can also specify your own margin settings. Click Margins, click Custom Margins, and then in the Top, Bottom, Left, and Right boxes, enter new values for the margins.
Notes

5. To change the default margins, click Margins after you select a new margin, and then click Custom Margins. In the Page Setup dialog box, click the Default button, and then click Yes. The new default settings are saved in the template on which the document is based. Each new document based on that template automatically uses the new margin settings.
6. To change the margins for part of a document, select the text, and then set the margins that you want by entering the new margins in the Page Setup dialog box. In the Apply to box, click Selected text. Microsoft Word automatically inserts section breaks (section break: A mark you insert to show the end of a section. A section break stores the section formatting elements, such as the margins, page orientation, headers and footers, and sequence of page numbers.) before and after the text that has the new margin settings. If your document is already divided

Setting gutter margins for bound documents

A gutter margin setting adds extra space to the side margin or top margin of a document that you plan to bind. A gutter margin helps ensure that text isn't obscured by the binding.

1. On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.
2. Click Custom Margins.
3. In the Multiple pages list, click Normal.
4. In the Gutter box, enter a width for the gutter margin.
5. In the Gutter position box, click Left or Top.

The Gutter position box is not available when you use the Mirror margins, 2 pages per sheet, or Book fold option. For those options, the gutter position is determined automatically.

Setting margins for facing pages

When you choose mirror margins, the margins of the left page are a mirror image of those on the right page. That is, the inside margins are the same width, and the outside margins are the same width.

1. On the Page Layout tab, in the Page Setup group, click Margins.
2. Click Mirrored.

To change the margin widths, click Margins, click Custom Margins, and then, in the Inside and Outside boxes, enter the widths that you want.

View page margins in Word 2007

1. Click the Microsoft Office Button
2. And then click Word Options.
3. Click Advanced, and then click the Show text boundaries check box under Show document content.The page margins appear in your document as dotted lines.

You can view page margins in either Print Layout view or Web Layout view, and
the text boundaries do not appear on the printed page.

You can't insert text before a table

You can't insert text before a table that is located on the first line of the first page in a document.


1. Click in the first cell in the first row of the table.
If text in that cell contains text, position the insertion point before the text.

2. Press ENTER key.
3. Type the text that you want.

Insert a blank line before a table

This procedure will insert a blank line before a table that is on the first line of the first page in a document:

1. Click in the upper-left cell in the first row of the table.
If you have text in the upper-left cell, place the insertion point before the text.

2. Press ENTER key.